Retirement planning generally looks at answering three fundamental questions:
Retirement planning can be done by the following:
1) Annuities
Annuities are popularly known as pension plans. An annuity is the systematic liquidation of an estate – monthly, quarterly, semi-annually or annually – designed in such a way that the investor receives payments periodically. The period during which premiums are paid for the purchase of an annuity is called the accumulation period and correspondingly, the period during which annuity payments are made is called the distribution period. The principal consists of the premiums paid by the person purchasing the annuity, and the interest or appreciation is the amount earned on these funds between the time they are paid and the time they are distributed.
There are two basic types of annuities:
On the basis of payments terms, an annuity can be classified as follows:
1a) Life Annuity
It is an annuity paid through the life of the annuitant, till he/she dies, after which it stops.
1b) Annuity Certain
It provides a specified amount of periodical income for a specified number of years, without consideration of any life contingency.
1c) Joint Life Annuity
It is issued on two individuals, under which payments continue in whole or in part until both individuals die. It is also called joint life last survivor annuity.
1d) Annuity with return of purchase price
It pays back the purchase price of the annuity after a certain period or on death as per terms.
4) National Pension System (NPS)
Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) has been established by the Government of India, Ministry of Finance on 10th October, 2003 to promote old age income security. National Pension System (NPS) is an initiative of PFRDA to regulate and develop the pension sector in India. It aims at building up a corpus sufficient enough to buy an annuity for their old age. The Government authorized PFRDA on 29th July 2008 to extend NPS on a voluntary basis to all citizens of India including workers of the unorganized sector. NPS is now available to all citizens of India with effect from May 1, 2009, other than Government employees already covered under NPS.
The NPS architecture consists of the NPS Trust, Central Recordkeeping Agency, Pension Fund Managers, Trustee Bank, and Custodian. PFRDA has appointed 22 Points of Presence (PoPs) and 6 Pension Fund Managers for offering NPS to citizens.
The 6 pension fund managers appointed by the PFRDA are:
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